Effects of Vitamin D On Cisplatin Induced Heart and Lung Toxicity in Albino Rat

Background: While Cisplatin (CP) is a powerful DNA alkylating agent used to treat many malignancies, its clinical use is linked to a number of negative side effects. It has been proposed that vitamin D can shield biological systems against harm caused by CP. The current study’s objective was to look into how vitamin D protects the rat heart and lung against cisplatin-induced damage. Material and methods: Thirty adult male Albino rats; 180–220 g body weight were allocated into 3 groups; Group I (n=10) receiving saline, Group II (n=10); rats receiving CP (single dose of 6.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and Group III (n=10); receiving CP and 50 ng/kg/day alfacalcidol. Results: Alterations included a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the CP group compared with the other groups (p value for comparing between control and each other group, statistically significant at p < 0.05). Histopathologically, CP induced severe changes were observed. However, the CP-induced disturbances significantly improved by treatment with Vitamin D. Conclusion: According to this study, CP treatment significantly harmed rats’ hearts and lungs; however, treatment with vitamin D significantly lessened these harms.

Protective Role of Quercetin on Thioacetamide-Induced Renal Injury in Adult Male Albino Rats

Background: Thioacetamide (TAA) is a recognized industrial poisonous agent drastically used in animal studies for induction of hepatic necrosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. It is additionally reported to be nephrotoxic through induction of oxidative stress. Quercetin (QE) has a high antioxidant capacity via free radical scavenging, transition metal ion binding, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Aim of the work: The goal of this research was to see if QE may help reduce the negative effects of thioacetamide on renal tissue by histological examination of the kidney. Material and methods: Twenty four adult male Albino rats 7–9 weeks old around 180–200g body weight were allocated into 3 groups; Group I (n=8) receiving distilled water, Group II (n=8); rats receiving TAA and Group III (n=8); receiving TAA and QE. Results: Renal tissues were examined under a light microscope stained by Harris Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E stain), Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s Trichrome for TAA-treated groups revealed severe histopathological changes, whereas specimens obtained from QE-treated groups showed only mild changes. Immunohistochemical results corroborated these findings. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the ameliorative consequences of QE in opposition to TAA-induced renal injury in rats. The result of this study might contribute in the development of a novel complementary alternative medication in combating and therapeutic intervention of TAA-induced renal injury.

Pleural Space Elastance and Its Relation to Success Rates of Pleurodesis in Malignant Pleural Effusion / 결핵및호흡기질환

Background@#Pleurodesis fails in 10%–40% of patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusions malignant pleural effusion and dyspnea. This study aimed to assess the values of pleural elastance (PEL) after the aspiration of 500 mL of pleural fluid and their relation to the pleurodesis outcome, and to compare the pleurodesis outcome with the chemical characteristics of pleural fluid. @*Methods@#A prospective study was conducted in Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, during the period from March 2019 to January 2020. The study population consisted of 40 patients with malignant pleural effusion. The measurement of PEL after the aspiration of 500 mL of fluid was done with “PEL 0.5” (cm H2O/L), and the characteristics of the pleural fluid were chemically and cytologically analyzed. Pleurodesis was done and the patients were evaluated one month later. The PEL values were compared with pleurodesis outcomes. @*Results@#After 4-week of follow-up, the success rate of pleurodesis was 65%. The PEL 0.5 was significantly higher in failed pleurodesis than it was in successful pleurodesis. A cutoff point of PEL 0.5 >14.5 cm H2O/L was associated with pleurodesis failure with a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 100%, respectively. The patients with failed pleurodesis had significantly lower pH levels in fluid than those in the successful group (p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#PEL measurement was a significant predictor in differentiating between failed and successful pleurodesis. The increase in acidity of the malignant pleural fluid can be used as a predictor for pleurodesis failure in patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Evaluation of serum and salivary transforming growth factor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha in oral lichen planus / Evaluación sérica y salival del factor de crecimiento transformante beta, factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa en liquen plano oral

Introduction: Lichen planus is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions. Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF- ß) has a marked effect on epithelial­mesenchymal transition and immune cells function. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediates T-lymphocyte homing and apoptosis of epithelial cells. Objetive: The present study was conducted in order to compare the expression of serum and salivary TGF- ß, VEGF, TNF-α between OLP patients and control individuals to investigate if saliva can be used as an alternative to serum for diagnostic purposes and for monitoring disease. Materials and Methods: 23 OLP patients and 23 control individuals were included to evaluate serum and salivary TGF-ß, VEGF, TNF-α using ELISA kits. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected and unstimulated saliva was collected by the spitting method. Results: Serum and salivary levels of TGF- ß, VEGF, TNF-α are higher in OLP patients compared to normal controls. Mean difference is higher in saliva than serum. Moreover, there was a significant difference in serum and salivary VEGF and TNF-α between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Conclusions: Saliva can be a used as a substitute for serum to evaluate levels of the assessed biomarkers.

Introducción: El liquen plano oral es una de las lesiones de la mucosa oral más comunes. El factor de crecimiento transformante ß (TGF-ß) tiene un efecto marcado sobre la transición epitelial-mesenquimal y la función de las células inmunes. El factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF) es un regulador clave de la vasculogénesis y la angiogénesis. El factor de necrosis tumoral α (TNF-α) media la localización de los linfocitos T y la apoptosis de las células epiteliales. Objetivo: El presente estudio se realizó con el fin de comparar la expresión en suero y saliva de TGF-ß, VEGF, TNF-α entre pacientes con OLP y personas de control para investigar si la saliva se puede utilizar como alternativa al suero para fines de diagnóstico y monitoreo de la enfermedad. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron 23 pacientes con OLP y 23 individuos control para evaluar los niéveles en suero y en saliva de TGF- ß, VEGF, TNF-α utilizando kits ELISA. Se recogieron cinco mililitros de sangre venosa y se recogió saliva no estimulada por el método de escupir. Resultado: Los niveles séricos y salivales de TGF-ß, VEGF, TNF-α son más altos en pacientes con OLP en comparación con los controles normales. La diferencia media es mayor en saliva que en suero. Además, hubo una diferencia significativa de VEGF y TNF-α en suero y saliva entre los grupos sintomáticos y asintomáticos. Conclusion: La saliva puede usarse como un sustituto del suero para evaluar los niveles de los biomarcadores estudiados

Effects of Locally Delivered Morin Hydrate on Iodoacetate-induced Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis in Rats / Efeitos locais da indução de Hidrato de Morina na articulação temporomandibular de ratos com osteoartrite induzida por Iodoacetato

Objectives: morin hydrate has been reported to possess many beneficial pharmacological potentialities including antioxidant and anti-osteoarthritic effects. The anti-osteoarthritic properties of locally administrated morin have not been investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the locally delivered morin on the temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rat. Materials and methods: thirty young adult female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly arranged into three groups; control, osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis with morin. Both the iodoacetate for osteoarthritis induction and morin hydrate therapy were delivered unilaterally via intra-articular route. Results: morin reduced osteoarthritis manifestations with prominent thickening of both condylar fibrous layer and articular disc accompanied with discal cells hypertrophy that ultimately acquired chondrocytes features. The condylar cartilage matrix showed enhancement of extracellular matrix production with morin administration. Discussion: the present studyhas elucidated antiosteoarthritic effect of intra articular injection of morin hydrate. Although morin has managed to prevent the propagation and advancing some of the recorded osteoarthritic manifestations; however, it showed some failure in managing others. The administration of morin hydrate modulated the structure of the joint rather than restore it back to its typical configuration. Conclusion: the morin hydrate administration to osteoarthritic animals showed relieve in some of osteoarthritic features and modulated the structure of some joint components to compensate the unhandled manifestations (AU)

Objetivo: Relata-se que o Hidrato de Morina possui diversas potencialidades farmacológicas benéficas, incluindo efeitos antioxidantes e anti-osteoartríticos. As propriedades antiosteoartríticas da morina administrada localmente não foram investigadas. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a Morina administrada localmente sobre a osteoartrite da articulação temporomandibular em ratos. Material e métodos: Trinta ratos adultos jovens de linhagem Sprague Dawley foram dispostos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo controle, grupo com osteoartrite e grupo com osteoartrite e Morina. Tanto o Iodoacetato para a indução da osteoartrite como a terapia com Hidrato de Morina foram administrados unilateralmente por via intra-articular. Resultados: A Morina reduziu as manifestações da osteoartrite com espessamento proeminente tanto da camada fibrosa condilar como do disco articular acompanhado de hipertrofia das células discais que acabaram por adquirir características condrócitas. A matriz da cartilagem condilar mostrou um aumento da produção de matriz extracelular com administração de Morina. Discussão: O presente estudo elucidou o efeito antiosteoartrítico da injeção intra-articular de Hidrato de Morina. Apesar da Morina ter impedido a propagação e o avanço de algumas das manifestações osteoartríticas registadas, mostrou algumas falhas na manipulação de outras. A administração de Hidrato de Morina modulou a estrutura da articulação em vez de restaurar à sua configuração típica. Conclusão: A administração de Hidratode Morina em animais osteoartríticos mostrou alívio em algumas das características osteoartríticas e modulou a estrutura de alguns componentes da articulação em compensação às manifestações não tratadas. (AU)

Radioprotective role of α-tocotrienol against oxidative damage in γ-irradiated human blood cultures / Papel radioprotectivo do α-tocotrienol contra danos oxidantes nas culturas de sangue humano γ-irradiadas

Tocotrienols are members of the natural vitamin E family which is considered one of important fat soluble vitamins. The tocotrienols react with free radicals, which are the main cause of oxidation damage to cell membranes, without formation of other free radicals in the process. All natural forms of tocotrienols have the ability to regulate peroxidation reactions and to control free radicals production within the body. This study aimed to assess the antimutagenic and antioxidant ability of y-tocotrienol at a working dose (0.04 mg/ ml) through cytogenetic (Micronucleus test) study and biochemical analysis including Caspase -3, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) activities and Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration in y-irradiated human blood cultures. The treatment time was 72 hrs post-irradiation with gamma rays at dose of 3 Gy. Triple blood cultures for each blood sample were set up. Ionizing irradiation induces a significant increase in micronuclei (MNi) frequencies, and nucleuplasmic bridge (N bridge) accompanied by a significant rise in Caspase-3 activity and NO concentration. Furthermore, SOD and CAT activities showed significant decrease. y- tocotrienol treatment results into a decrease of MNi and N bridges numbers, enhancement of SOD and CAT activities and improvement of both NO and Caspase-3 levels, compared to irradiated cells which not treated with -tocotrienol. The present results reveal the antimutagenic and the anti-oxidant effects of y-tocotrienol against y- irradiation.

Os tocotrienóis são membros da família natural de vitamina E, que é considerada uma das vitaminas importantes solúveis em gordura. Os tocotrienóis reagem com os radicais livres, que são a principal causa do dano de oxidação das membranas celulares, sem formação de outros radicais livres no processo. Todas as formas naturais de tocotrienóis têm a capacidade de regular as reações de peroxidação e controlar a produção de radicais livres dentro do corpo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade antimutagênica e antioxidante do y-tocotrienol em uma dose de trabalho (0,04 mg/ml) através de estudo citogenético (Teste dos Micronúcleos) e análise bioquímica incluindo atividades de Caspase 3, Superóxido Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) e concentração de óxido nítrico (NO) em culturas sanguíneas humanas irradiadas com y-. O tempo de tratamento foi de 72 horas pós-irradiação com raios gama na dose de 3 Gy. Foram estabelecidas culturas de sangue triplas para cada amostra de sangue. A irradiação ionizante induz um aumento significativo nas freqüências de micronúcleos (MNi) e ponte nucleoplasmática (ponte N), acompanhada por um aumento significativo da atividade da Caspase 3 e da concentração de NO. Além disso, as atividades de SOD e CAT mostraram queda significativa. O tratamento com -tocotrienol resulta em uma diminuição do número de pontes MNi e N, aumento das atividades de SOD e CAT e melhora dos níveis de NO e Caspase 3, em comparação com células irradiadas que não foram tratadas com -tocotrienol. Os presentes resultados revelam os efeitos antimutagênicos e antioxidantes do y- tocotrienol contra a irradiação y-.

Maternal and fetal outcomes in women undergoing caesarean section under general and spinal anesthesia

Background: Both spinal and general anaesthesia used for caesarean section have certain advantages and disadvantages and there is no method which is completely ideal. The most important factors for choice of anaesthesia are; pregnant systemic problems and wishes, the urgency of the operation, and the surgeon and the anesthetists experience

Aim of the Work: These studies aimed at comparing maternal and fetal outcomes in women undergoing elective caesarean section and have spinal anaesthesia with those having general anaesthesia

Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period from December 2017 to August 2018 after approval of the hospital health ethical committee. It included 186 patients who had C.S and were subdivided into 2 groups according to a randomization scale. On the day of the operation, each randomly received a closed opaque envelope for the selection of the procedure [spinal versus general]

Results: We noted that the mean haemoglobin and haematocrit values at the 24th hour were higher in the spinal anaesthesia group. The estimated blood loss volume was significantly higher in the general anaesthesia group. The median apgar score at the first and the fifth minutes were significantly higher, and the time that elapsed until the first requirement for analgesia was significantly longer in the spinal anaesthesia group

Conclusion and Recommendations: General anaesthesia could be thought the quickest anaesthesia method in an emergency since it avoids the possibility of a failed regional block. Meanwhile, it is associated with higher possibility of blood loss and low Apgar score. Thus, using spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section is recommended provided that adequate maternal hydration is established and sparing general anaesthesia for emergency caesarean sections or whenever spinal anaesthesia is contraindicated [e.g. coagulopathy, sever thrombocytopenia, anticoagulation or sever degree of malformation of spine]

Comparison between the use of a genexpert device and conventional diagnostic methods in the detection of mycobacterial tuberculosis and its resistance to drugs

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis [MTB] is the causative agent of tuberculosis [TB], which remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of MTB has put status of TB to threatening levels

Aim of the Work: was to detect MTB along with rifampicin [RIF] resistance using Genexpert [MTB/RIF]. Its diagnostic, sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by comparing with conventional technique

Patients, Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on two hundred and seven Egyptian patients at Abbasia Chest Diseases Hospital, from November 2016 to December 2017, and comprised clinically and radiologically diagnosed TB suspected cases. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of faculty of medicine, Alazhar University and the Ethical Committee of Ministry of Health and after Verbal consents from the patients or their parents were taken. Pulmonary specimens [sputum and bronchial lavage] and pleural effusion as an extra-pulmonary specimen were included. All samples collected were sent to TB laboratory of Abbasia Chest Diseases Hospital for further analysis

Result: Out of the 26 Genexpert [MTB/RIF] positive samples for MTBC, 3 [11.54%] showed RIF resistance and diagnosed as MDR-TB. Using LJ and MGIT cultures for drug sensitivity test [DST] on 31 and 34 positive TB samples; respectively, the same three specimens showed resistance to rifampicin [RIF]. Four positive specimens were also resistant to streptomycin [STR] using the previously mentioned cultures. Moreover, resistant to INH was reported in five positive TB samples using the same cultures. Finally, it was found that all positive specimens were sensitive to Ethambutol [ETH]

Conclusion: Although the conventional methods remain the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary TB, delayed diagnostic times demand for more rapid and sensitive nucleic acid amplification techniques. Genexpert [MTB/RIF] assay is simple, rapid and accurate method for detecting mycobacterial tuberculosis

Role and incidence of parasitic infection in adult Egyptian patients with acute appendicitis

Background: Appendicitis is the most important acute surgical condition of the abdomen, and appendectomy constitutes one of the most common surgical operations worldwide. Many factors can cause appendicitis but the intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most important causes

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate and detect the role and incidence of various parasitic infections in appendectomy specimens from Egyptian adult patients with acute appendicitis attending the General Surgery Emergency room at Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt [Al-Hussein and Sayed Galal Hospitals]

Patients and methods: The present study was carried out on 200 patients undergoing appendectomy with a provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis during the period from December 2015 to November 2016. The removed appendices were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, sectioned, stained with HandE and examined for histopathological changes and presence of parasites. Stool examination was also done by direct smear, formol ether concentration techniques as well as CBC examination for all patients

Results: Stool examination revealed 120 [60%] out of the total 200 appendectomy patients were positive for parasitic infections, while CBC examination revealed leucocytosis among 167 [83.5%], and eosinophilia in 40 [20%] as well as anemia in 43 [21.5%] in all the studied patients. Histopathological examination revealed parasitic infections in 6 [3%] of appendectomy specimens. The presence of E. vermicularis worms and their eggs as well as Schistosoma ova were observed in 4 [2%] and 2 [1%] of cases respectively. Features of acute suppurative appendicitis were observed in 143 [71.5%] of cases, of which, 98 [49%] cases had luminal obstruction by fecalith and 45 [22.5%] showed patent lumen. Non suppurative appendicitis were presented in 57 cases [28.5%] which included lymphoid hyperplasia in 21 cases [10.5%] and neuronal hyperplasia in 6 cases [3%] as well as granulomatous appendicitis with features consistent with appendiceal Crohn's disease [CD] in 30 cases [15%]

Conclusion: The study concluded that parasitic infections constitute 3% of the surgically removed appendices where Schistosoma eggs and E. vermicularis [adults and eggs] were the parasites recorded. So differential diagnosis of parasitic infections in the etiology of acute appendicitis should be made properly which can save patients from a negative laparotomy, morbidity and even mortality

Anesthetic considerations for endo-vascular management of intracranial aneurysms

Intra cranial aneurysms are acquired lesions responsible for about 80% of non-traumatic sub arachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment of the condition in the past has relied on craniotomy and clipping of the aneurysm to prevent a recurrent hemorrhage. Nowadays endovascular coiling is the best primary treatment. The anesthesia in interventional radiology room has special arrangement and precautions. Intra operative management of endovascular cerebral aneurysm from the start including: arrangement of the room, monitoring, induction, maintenance and emergence of the patients. Post-operative care is very important and good management of potential perioperative complications like: aneurysm rupture, cerebral infarction, cerebral vasospasm, contrast reaction and nephropathy is mandatory

Aim of the Study: reviewing the current medical literature as regards the anesthetic considerations and problems of endo-vascular management of intracranial aneurysm

Conclusion: anesthesia in interventional radiology room should have special arrangements and precautions. Intra operative management of endovascular cerebral aneurysm from the start including: arrangement of the room, monitoring, induction, maintenance and emergence of the patients. Post-operative care plays a key role in mitigating potential perioperative complications like: aneurysm rupture, cerebral infarction, cerebral vasospasm, contrast reaction and nephropathy are mandatory

Upper airway morphology in Down Syndrome patients under dexmedetomidine sedation / Morfologia das vias aéreas superiores em pacientes com síndrome de Down sob sedação com dexmedetomidina

Abstract Background and objectives: Children with Down Syndrome are vulnerable to significant upper airway obstruction due to relative macroglossia and dynamic airway collapse. The objective of this study was to compare the upper airway dimensions of children with Down Syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea with normal airway under dexmedetomidine sedation. Methods: IRB approval was obtained. In this retrospective study, clinically indicated dynamic sagittal midline magnetic resonance images of the upper airway were obtained under low (1 mcg/kg/h) and high (3 mcg/kg/h) dose dexmedetomidine. Airway anteroposterior diameters and sectional areas were measured as minimum and maximum dimensions by two independent observers at soft palate (nasopharyngeal airway) and at base of the tongue (retroglossal airway). Results and conclusions: Minimum anteroposterior diameter and minimum sectional area at nasopharynx and retroglossal airway were significantly reduced in Down Syndrome compared to normal airway at both low and high dose dexmedetomidine. However, there were no significant differences between low and high dose dexmedetomidine in both Down Syndrome and normal airway. The mean apnea hypopnea index in Down Syndrome was 16 ± 11. Under dexmedetomidine sedation, children with Down Syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea when compared to normal airway children show significant reductions in airway dimensions most pronounced at the narrowest points in the nasopharyngeal and retroglossal airways.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: As crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) são vulneráveis à obstrução significativa das vias aéreas superiores devido à macroglossia relativa e ao colapso dinâmico das vias aéreas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as dimensões das vias aéreas superiores de crianças com SD e apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) com vias aéreas normais (VAN) sob sedação com dexmedetomidina (DEX). Métodos: Aprovação IRB foi obtida. Neste estudo retrospectivo, imagens clinicamente indicadas de ressonância magnética da dinâmica das vias aéreas superiores em plano sagital na linha média foram obtidas sob dose baixa (1 mcg/kg/h) e dose alta (3 mcg/kg/h) de DEX. Os diâmetros anteroposteriores das vias aéreas e as áreas seccionais foram medidas como dimensões mínimas e máximas por dois observadores independentes, no palato mole (região nasofaríngea) e na base da língua (região retroglossal). Resultados e conclusões: O diâmetro mínimo anteroposterior e a área seccional mínima das regiões nasofaríngea e retroglossal estavam significativamente reduzidos na SD em comparação com VAN, tanto com a dose baixa quanto com a dose alta de DEX. Contudo, não houve diferenças significativas entre as doses baixa e alta de DEX em SD e VAN. A média do índice de apneia e hipopneia na SD foi de 16 ± 11. Sob sedação com DEX, as crianças com SD e AOS, quando comparadas com as crianças com VAN, apresentaram reduções significativas nas dimensões das vias aéreas, mais pronunciadas nos pontos mais estreitos das regiões nasofaríngea e retroglossal.

Purification and characterization of a novel thermo stable L-methioninase from Streptomyces sp. DMMMH4 and its evaluation for anticancer activity.

L-methioninase has been purified 2.55-fold from the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. DMMMH4. The purification procedure was carried out by heat treatment and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed a migrating protein band molecular mass of 47 kDa. The kinetic properties determined for the purified enzyme displayed optimum activity at 70OC and thermal stability were 70OC for 30 min. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 6 using acetate buffer 0.05M and was relatively stable across a broad range of pH values (5.5-8 pH). The enzyme strongly inhibited by Cr+2, Fe+2, Ni+2, Cd+2, PMSF, β-mercaptoethanol and SDS while Hg+2,Cu+2 and iodoacetate completely inhibited the enzyme activity at a final concentration of 10mM. The purified enzyme exhibited a Km of 0.7, 0.15 and 0.25 mM for L-methionine, DL-ethionine and L-cystine respectively. Cytotoxicity test demonstrate that enzyme was active against liver HepG2, breast MCF-7, lung A549, prostate PC3 and colon HCT116 cancer cell lines and has negligible toxicity toward a normal melanocyte cell line HFB4.

TV coverage of the 25th of January revolution and its impact on political socialization of children in late childhood stage

Problem: The main problem lies in the question of how much influence did the follow up of the 25th of January Revolution's events had on the political socialization of our children?

Objectives: This study is designed to identify the degree of influence and the change in political behavior that has happened to our children as a result of the follow up of the events of the 25th of January Revolution

Type and Methodology: The researcher used the field sample survey method on a sample of children in late childhood stage between the ages [9-12] years

Population and Sample: The study was applied to a sample of 400 boys and girls [9-12] years old-late childhood stage in urban and rural, in Giza, Sharkiya, and Qalubiya

Tools: Survey Questionnaire

Results: The study confirmed that a slight shift occurred in the character of the Egyptian childen as a result of events that they witnesses since the 25th of January Revolution and beyound. and they became familiar with a lot of information regarding these issues, The study clearly confirmed that a number of children interacted with the media directly and have become more confident to interact with media and discuss what they prodcast with the ability to oppose media openions, The study also confirmed the tendency of a significant proportion of children to the electronic media where they participated by commenting on what has been broadcasted by TV channels of political programs through the websites of such channels, The study also confirmed that all the sample followed the events of the 25th of January Revolution and that they were interested in the beginning of the revolution and most of them participated in the events at least by raising the national flag in the window of their houses and a few of them watched the events of violence and participated in violence with no regret, and that there is a small percentage of them was hit or arrested, and The study also confirmed that their participation in the students' unions elections and political events

Adolescents Perception about the events of political violence in soap operas and movies offered by satellite

Problem: The problem can develop research in the next major question how adolescents understand the image of the marginalized in movies made satellite?

Objectives: to stand on the features of the media image of the marginalized in movies offered by satellite study sample

Type and its Approach: This study is of descriptive studies; as it seeks to know the media image of the marginalized offered by movies on satellite channels, and the understanding of adolescents for this image, used the study methodology of sample surveys in the field and to survey a sample of the study [15-18] years old representative of the Egyptian schools to see how adolescents understand the image of being marginalized as a result of the movies offered by satellite "sample study"

Community and Study Sample: a human society in this study teenage fans in the Egyptian schools, and the researcher withdraw a random sample of 400 [Male, Female], and divided in a manner equal distribution to schools of different Egyptian, which ranges in age from [15-18] years, by 200 Single of the Eastern Province, and 200 Single to Cairo

$Tools: newspaper questionnaire, to find out the mental image they have formed for the marginalized through exposure of the movies offered by the various satellite channels

Conclusion: The study concluded that the respondents are keen on watching the events displayed Bdrama political movies and soap operas on a regular basis of political violence in return, they are not keen very low rate. Also came pattern of collective violence used by a large margin in the majority compared to the pattern of the individual scenes of violence. The study concluded to the occurrence of many events of political violence as presented films and political soap operas up by the political system and the government then to members of the Egyptian people and security personnel and their premises of prisons and detention centers, and the persons legal persons came and then the students came on campus and finally came members of the state

Cord Blood Hematological Profile of Sudanese Neonates at Birth in Khartoum State.

Background and Objectives: Hematology of newborn recently represented as area of study focusing in study of umbilical cord blood and its elements in general. Identification of expected normal hematological values essentially requires as baseline data to facilitate detection of any congenital or acquired disorders present at time of birth. We aim to estimate hematological parameters and hemoglobin electrophoresis of umbilical cord blood of Sudanese neonates at birth. Methods: Study was conducted from July 2011 to June 2013 in Khartoum state maternity hospitals, five hundred healthy full term neonates of 36 - 42 weeks gestation, with weight of 2.5 kg and born to normal uncomplicated pregnant women were enrolled, 5 ml K2EDTA cord blood samples were collected to estimate CBC and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Results: the study revealed; Hb 14.35±1.55gm/dl, haematocrit 0.44.1 L/L ±5.14, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were 105.5 fl ±5.14, 33.5pg±1.99 and 33.1 gm/dl ±1.19 respectively. Cord blood mean Hb F was 61.9 %± 8.56, Hb A 37.18%±0.25, and Hb A2 0.14 %± 0.10, respectively. RBC count 4.43x1012/L ± 0.6, nRBCs count 2.3/100 WBCs ± 1.46, and absolute nRBCs count was 267.8x1012/L ± 50, white blood cells count 12.3x109/L ± 4.17 and platelet count 261 x109/L ± 83.16. Conclusion: we concluded that hemoglobin red cell indices mean values of healthy Sudanese cord blood at birth with normal reference ranges, but slightly lower than reported previous studies because of ethnological and life style differences. Fetal Hemoglobin, nRBCs, leukocyte, and platelet counts as described in other population and compatible with normal cord blood reference values.

Expression of CD 44 and MIB-1 in serous and mucinous ovarian tumors

In ovarian cancer, alterations in the extracellular environment are critical for tumor Initiation, progression and intra-peritoneal dissemination. Some markers have been used to study the progression of ovarian tumors, one of them is CD44 which shown to play critical roles in ovarian ameer metastasis. Tumor proliferation is known to be important factor in tumor growth. This can be measured by assessment of expression of MIB-1 protein in the tumor cells. To examine the immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and MIB-1 in a spectrum of serous and mucinous ovarian tumors [benign, borderline and malignant tumors] and to evaluate the correlation between intensity of markers expression with relevant clinicopathological criteria [Age, size, hilaterality, gross picture and stage]. Immunohistochemical staining of 120 samples [65 benign, 10 borderline, 30 malignant and 15 metastatic deposits] of spectrum of serous and mucinous ovarian tumors for CD44 and MIB-1 was performed using tissue microarray [TMA] and statistical analyses was done with SPSS [chi-square test]. In whole tumors, expression of [1] 44 in tumor cells [CD-44-T] was low in 20[80%] and high in 5[20%] of benign tumors, low in [70%] and high in 3[30%] of borderline tumors, and low in 24 [83%] and high in 5[17%] of malignant tumors with no significant association in transition from benign to malignant tumours [P 0.70]. Stromal CD44 [CD-44-S] expression was low in 33[94%] and high in 2[6%] of benign mmors, low in 8[80%] and high in 2[20%] of borderline tumors and low in 23[77%] and high in [23%] of malignant tumors with significant association in transition from benign to borderline to 14[CD44-M] showed reactivity in 9[25%] of benign tumors,5[50%] of borderline tumors and 21[72%] of malignant tumors with high significant association in transition from benign to malignant tumors [P<0.001]. In whole tumors, twenty three specimens [31%] showed high PI. All benign tumors had low PI. High significant association was detected between high PI and transition from benign to borderline to malignant tumors [P<0.001] with significant positive correlation between MIB-1 and CD44-M [P 0.013]. Our findings indicates that stromal and membranous expression of with transition from benign to borderline to malignant tumor, so increase in CD44 may play an important role in tumor progression and can be a target of more effective therapies

Impact of Breast Cancer and Combination Chemotherapy on Oxidative Stress, Hepatic and Cardiac Markers / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Carcinoma of the breast is the most prevalent cancer among Egyptian women and constitutes 29% of National Cancer Institute cases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breast cancer on oxidative stress, cardiac markers and liver function tests, moreover the role of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) in the treatment of breast cancer and its mechanism through changing the measured markers. METHODS: Forty female breast cancer patients who were admitted to the Department of Oncology of the Beni-Suef University Hospital were enrolled in the study. This study included three arms: a control group of healthy age-matched females (n=20), breast cancer patients who weren't receiving treatment (n=20), and patients undergoing treatment with anticancer combination drugs FAC (n=20). Blood samples collected from the control subjects and patients were analysed to determine levels of catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), and creatinine. RESULTS: The levels of catalase and GSH were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in breast carcinoma and FAC treated breast cancer patients. The lipid peroxidation and NO levels were significantly enhanced in both untreated and FAC treated breast cancer patients. The CK and LDH were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in the FAC group. CONCLUSION: The results from the present study show that oxidative stress is implicated in breast carcinoma and chemotherapy aggravates this oxidative stress which causes damage to many cellular targets and has the main side effect of cardiotoxicity.

Interplay between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotinase-1 in acute asthma exacerbation and airway remodeling

Airway inflammation and remodeling of extracellular matrix are important features of asthma. Matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs] are group of enzymes expressed in the airways with their inhibitor [tissue inhibitor of MMPs [TIMP] and they are the key responsible for extra cellular matrix [ECM] degradation. To clarify the role of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in asthma exacerbation and airway remodeling. The study included 3 groups, group "A" included 22 patients with stable asthma group "B" included 18 patients during asthma exacerbation and group "C" of 18 healthy volunteer served as control. All groups were matching age and sex. Levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured in the induced sputum of the 3 groups. Serum IgE skin prick test and PEFR were assessed. MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio increased in both A and B groups in comparison to control [P < 0.001]. During exacerbation MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio showed significant increase for both but TIMP-1 did not show significant change when compared to stable asthmatics. There was significant negative correlation between PEFR and MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 play an important role in pathophysiology of asthma exacerbation and airway remodeling. Clearly, a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma is critical to the development of better therapeutic modalities

Postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction in adult albino rats

Postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction is still a puzzling problem in forensic pathology practice, especially in sudden cardiac death. Forensic autopsy data shows that sudden cardiac death victims usually die in less than 6 h after acute myocardial infarction occurs. Postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction within the first 6 hours based on biochemical and morphologic changes. Rats divided into control group and operated group which had a ligation of The left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were killed at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 mines post ligation intervals. Serum and myocardial tissue samples was collected from two groups at the previous postmortem time intervals for measurement of Creatine kinase- MB, Troponin I [CTnl], myoglobin and histopathological examination by light and electron ; microscopy . The same work was repeated after induction early acute myocardial infarction by beta- adrenergic shock and by lethal hemorrhage. Levels of CK-MB and CTnl had statistical significant rise with increasing postmortem intervals whatever method of myocardial infarction induction, but myoglobin level was less sensitive in different methods of induction. Ultrastructural changes were detected after 30 mines post-mortem in different methods of induction. Diagnosis of early myocardial infarction can be performed within the first postmortem six hours Depending on biochemical and morphological changes

Antioxidant, lipid peroxidation-inhibitory and antiulcer activities of brown propolis

The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of brown propolis was determined by invitro antioxidant assays via 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl [DPPHú] free radical scavenging activity and phosphomolybdenum method. The brown propolis extract had an effective DPPHú scavenging activity at 20-200 micro g/ml concentrations. Moreover, the in-vivo experiments showed that brown propolis extract has a powerful antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in the liver tissues challenged with CCl4. On the other hand, we found that pretreatment of rats with propolis extract protected gastric tissues against indomethacin-induced gastropathy as demonstrated from reduction in the ulcer index, attenuation of histopathological changes and amelioration of the altered oxidative stress biomarkers like glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels and superoxide dismutase act ivi ty in gastric tissues. In conclusion, total ethanolic extract of brown propolis exposed major anti-oxidant and anti-ulcer activities